Table 11.

Studies using dendritic cell (DC) vaccines.

Intervention	Strategy	Patient population	Phase	Year	Results	Reference
CEA loaded DC	mRNA infested DC vaccine	3 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.	Pilot	2002	Well tolerated, no evidence of adverse events All patients were alive without evidence of disease at more than 30 months from the original diagnosis	Morse et al. [2002]
Mutant p53 and K-Ras loaded DC	Peptide based DC vaccine	39 patients with pancreatic, lung, colon, breast, ovarian, gastrointestinal and other cancers	I	2005	10/38 evaluable patients had detectable CTL response, 16 patients with positive IFNγ after vaccination Five experienced stable disease. Median survival time of 393 versus 98 days for a positive versus negative CTL response	Carbone et al. [2005]
Adenovirus encoding Interleukin 12 (AFIL-12) gene transfected DC	Engineered DC vaccine	17 patients with metastatic pancreatic (3), colorectal (5), liver (9)	Pilot	2005	Stable disease in two patients and partial response in one. Progression in eight patients Marked increase of CD8+ T lymphocytes in 3/11 tumor biopsies analyzed	Mazzolini et al. [2005]
MUC-1 pulsed DC	Peptide based DC vaccine	20 patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer	Pilot	2008	Complete response in one patient with lung metastasis. 5 patients had stable disease. Median survival was 9.8 months	Kondo et al. [2008]