Table 1.

Aberrant histone-methylation markers in colorectal cancer.

Histone markers	Alterations in CRC	Effects on CRC	Affected functions	Reference
H4K20me3	Decreased in cell lines and primary tumor tissue	Poor prognosis	Hypomethylation of DNA repetitive sequences	Fraga et al. [2005], Benard et al. [2014]
H3K4me3	Elevated in tumor tissue of patients and cells	Unclear	Interacting with β-catenin and promoting WNT-signaling target genes	Salz et al. [2014]
H3K4me1/2/3	Decreased at MLH1 promoter under hypoxia	Unclear	Silencing MLH1 and resulting in DNA mismatch repair defect	Lu et al. [2014]
H3K9me3	Increased in invasive CRC tissue; increased under hypoxia	Metastasis	Promoting cell motility; repression of APAK	Yokoyama et al. [2013]; Olcina et al. [2016]
H3K27me3	Elevated in tumor tissue of patients; increased in patients with poor prognosis	Poor prognosis	Unclear	Benard et al. [2013, 2014];
H3K79me2	Elevated in patients with poor prognosis	Poor prognosis	Promoting IL-22 induced cancer stemness	Kryczek et al. [2014]

CRC, colorectal cancer; WNT, wingless-type MMTV integration site family; APAK, ATM and p53-Associated KZNF Protein; IL, interleukin.