Table 2.

Univariable analysis of risk factors associated with multidrug-resistance in genomic clusters (n=299)^*

Characteristics	Genomic clusters by whole-genome sequencing				Odds ratio (95% CI)†		P value
	Non-cluster (n=203)		Cluster (n=96)
Sex
Male	65	(32.0)	21	(21.9)	1.00
Female	138	(68.0)	75	(78.1)	1.68	(0.95-2.97)	0.07
Age, years
15-34	95	(46.8)	28	(29.2)	1.00
35-44	32	(15.8)	15	(15.6)	1.59	(0.75-3.37)	0.18
45-64	60	(29.5)	38	(39.6)	2.15	(1.18-3.90)	0.009
≥ 65	16	(7.9)	15	(15.6)	3.18	(1.36-7.41)	0.004
Previous treatment
No	106	(52.2)	55	(57.3)	1.00
Yes	97	(47.8)	41	(42.7)	0.81	(0.49-1.33)	0.41
Diagnostic delay
< Two months	175	(86.2)	70	(72.9)	1.00
≥ Two months	28	(13.8)	26	(27.1)	2.20	(1.19-4.07)	0.005
Sputum smear positive
No	37	(18.2)	16	(16.7)	1.00
Yes	164	(80.8)	80	(83.3)	1.13	(0.59-2.15)	0.58
Unknown	2	(1.0)	0	(0.0)	-	-	-
Treatment outcomes
Cured/Treatment completed	119	(58.6)	58	(60.4)	1.00
Treatment Failure	11	(5.4)	6	(6.2)	1.11	(0.39-3.18)	0.83
Default/Moved/Lost	34	(16.8)	11	(11.5)	0.66	(0.31-1.41)	0.28
Died	21	(10.3)	10	(10.4)	0.98	(0.43-2.21)	0.96
Still on treatment/Unknown	18	(8.9)	11	(11.5)	1.25	(0.55-2.83)	0.58
Beijing strains
No	27	(13.3)	6	(6.3)	1.00
Yes	176	(86.7)	90	(93.7)	2.30	(0.91-5.81)	0.06
Cavitary disease‡ (n=296)
No	97/201	(48.3)	53/95	(55.8)	1.00
Yes	104/201	(51.7)	42/95	(44.2)	0.74	(0.45-1.21)	0.22

Data are n (%) unless otherwise specifi ed. OR=odds ratio.

^*Data were available for 299 patients.

^†Comparison between genomically clustered and non-clustered multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases.

^‡Cavitary disease was based on the presence or absence of a cavity on the chest radiograph at the time of diagnosis.