Figure 2.

The mean cohort mortality rate of each treatment, ± one standard error. P stands for parasitized larvae, while U is uninfected larvae. Predation refers to the presence or absence of the predatory Toxohrynchites rutilus in the treatment. There was a significant interaction between parasitism state and predation state indicated by the black angle with asterisk (Table 1; F _1,31 = 12.86, p = .0011). Different letters were significantly different groups based on a post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference (Table S2)