Figure 3.

Examining PNA-TAT's ability to eradicate MRSA Sanger 252 present inside infected murine macrophages (J774). J774 cells were incubated with ~2 × 10⁶ CFU/ml of bacteria for 45 minutes. After removal of the extracellular bacteria, the infected cells were treated with anti-rpoA PNA – TAT (at 8 and 16 μmol/l) for 4 hours with 5% CO₂. Vancomycin and sterile water were used as positive and negative controls. The results are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments. Data without error bars indicate that the SD is too small to be seen. *P ≤ 0.05 using two-tailed Student's t-test are deemed significant. PNA, peptide nucleic acid; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; CFU, colony forming units.