Table 3.
Multivariate linear regression analyses for HRQOLa associated with asthma control and socio demographic factors by individual time points
| T1 (N=214) | T2 (N=186) | T3 (N=162) | T4 (N=156) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | ||
| Asthma control (Ref: Adequate control) |
|||||||||
| Poor control | 5.25*** (1.38) |
[2.53, 7.97] | 6.24*** (1.43) | [3.42, 9.05] | 6.68*** (1.67) |
[3.39, 9.98] | 3.83* (1.65) |
[0.56, 7.09] | |
| Child’s age | −0.05 (0.28) |
[−0.59, 0.50] | 0.40 (0.29) |
[−0.17, 0.97] | 0.40 (0.34) |
[−0.27, 1.07] | 0.41 (0.36) |
[−0.30, 1.13] | |
| Child’s gender (Ref: Girl) |
|||||||||
| Boy | −1.21 (1.35) |
[−3.87, 1.46] | 1.26 (1.42) |
[−1.55, 4.07] | −2.97 (1.55) |
[−6.03, 0.09] | −3.59* (1.63) |
[−6.82, −0.36] | |
| Child’s race/ethnicity (Ref: White/non-Hispanic) |
|||||||||
| Black/non-Hispanic | 1.04 (1.74) |
[−2.38, 4.46] | 0.87 (1.85) |
[−2.78, 4.51] | −2.20 (2.00) |
[−6.16, 1.75] | −0.09 (2.05) |
[−4.14, 3.96] | |
| Hispanic/non-Hispanic | 2.95 (1.67) |
[−0.34, 6.24] | 2.44 (1.77) |
[−1.06, 5.94] | −2.44 (2.00) |
[−6.39, 1.51] | −1.52 (2.15) |
[−5.77, 2.72] | |
| Others | 3.17 (2.58) |
[−1.91, 8.25] | 4.27 (2.57) |
[−0.80, 9.35] | −1.20 (2.76) |
[−6.66, 4.25] | −0.64 (2.87) |
[−6.31, 5.03] | |
| Parental age | −0.02 (0.08) |
[−0.19, 0.14] | −0.08 (0.09) |
[−0.26, 0.10] | −0.04 (0.10) |
[−0.23, 0.16] | −0.12 (0.10) |
[−0.32, 0.08] | |
| Marital status (Ref: Married) |
|||||||||
| Not married | 2.14 (1.39) |
[−0.61, 4.88] | 2.57 (1.46) |
[−0.32, 5.46] | 0.28 (1.61) |
[−2.90, 3.45] | 1.15 (1.68) |
[−2.18, 4.48] | |
| Education (Ref: College or above) |
|||||||||
| High school or below | 3.47* (1.47) |
[0.57, 6.37] | 3.80* (1.56) |
[0.72, 6.88] | 0.90 (1.67) |
[−2.41, 4.21] | 3.12 (1.75) |
[−0.34, 6.58] | |
| Smoking status (Ref: Not smoking) |
|||||||||
| Smoking at home | −1.32 (1.75) |
[−4.77, 2.13] | −2.88 (1.88) |
[−6.59, 0.83] | −2.81 (2.03) |
[−6.82, 1.21] | −1.42 (2.20) |
[−5.77, 2.93] | |
| Number of chronic conditions | 0.54 (0.86) |
[−1.15, 2.23] | 0.82 (0.87) |
[−0.91, 2.55] | −0.38 (0.99) |
[−2.34, 1.59] | −0.02 (1.01) |
[−2.03,1.98] | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRQOL, health-related quality of life.
a
Higher scores indicate worse HRQOL.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001