Figure 1.

Biodegradation of patulin by C. guilliermondii. (A) Effects of patulin on the growth of C. guilliermondii; (B) Biodegradation assay of patulin by co-incubating with living and dead yeast cells; (C) Biodegradation assay of patulin by co-incubating with supernatant of the yeast culture and intracellular protein extracts. Error bars indicate standard deviations of the means from three replicates. Values followed by different letters are significantly different according to a Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05).