Table 4.

Interaction of Salmonella with tight junctions.

Pathogen/Mechanism	In Vivo/In Vitro	Effects	Reference
Salmonella Enteritidis compromises the intestinal epithelium barrier	in vitro	decrease in the trans-epithelial ion conductance	Awad et al. [20]
Salmonella Typhimurium decreases in claudin-1, claudin-4, and occludin mRNA proteins expression	in vivo	disruption of the epithelial barrier function	Shao et al. [105]
Salmonella Typhimurium decreases claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression	in vivo	alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier function	Zhang et al. [100]
Salmonella Typhimurium decreases the mRNA expression of both ZO-1 and occludin, causes a redistribution of both epithelial TJ proteins claudin-1 and ZO-2	in vitro	damage of the intestinal barrier function facilitates the translocation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria	Koehler et al. [103]