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Baculovirus-based biopesticides. Modified baculoviruses containing genes for insect-specific toxins, hormones or other enzymes are sprayed on the plant foliage and then ingested by the caterpillar or adult insect. Polyhedra solubilize in the insect’s midgut due to an increase of pH, virions are released and start replicating within the nuclei of epithelial cells, producing more virions which are released in a budded form (early infection) or occluded in polyhedra (late infection).
