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. 2017 Feb 21;9(2):71. doi: 10.3390/toxins9020071

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ribosome biogenesis and pre-rRNA processing pathways in yeast. Schematic representation of ribosome maturation, that starts with RNA Pol I and III transcribing 35S and 5S pre-rRNAs, respectively. These rRNAs associate to ribosomal proteins and other factors building the 90S particle. After cleavage of 35S pre-rRNA, the 90S particle separates into a pre-60S (blue) and a pre-40S subunit (green), which undergo independent maturation. Maturation driven by numerous assembly factors occurs while these particles travel through the nucleoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm final maturation yields translational competent ribosomal particles. Ribotoxins target mature 60S subunits, but pre-60S subunits and the whole ribosome biogenesis pathway might also be affected by their toxicity. Adapted from [144].