Table 3.
UNMARRIED | MARRIED | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||
Family instability (vs. no transitions) | |||||||||||||||
1 family structure transition | 0.017 | 0.016 | −0.130 | 0.023 | −0.054 | 0.084 | |||||||||
0.165 | 0.163 | 0.152 | 0.313 | 0.318 | 0.397 | ||||||||||
2 family structure transitions | 0.316 | † | 0.276 | 0.011 | −0.303 | −0.389 | −0.422 | ||||||||
0.185 | 0.176 | 0.158 | 0.300 | 0.286 | 0.314 | ||||||||||
3+ family structure transitions | 0.360 | * | 0.349 | * | 0.033 | −0.027 | −0.051 | −0.275 | |||||||
0.154 | 0.154 | 0.152 | 0.486 | 0.572 | 0.542 | ||||||||||
Maternal multipartner fertility (vs. single-partner fertility) | |||||||||||||||
1+ older siblings have different father | −0.139 | −0.153 | −0.112 | 0.597 | † | 0.672 | * | 0.662 | * | ||||||
0.132 | 0.127 | 0.123 | 0.305 | 0.309 | 0.288 | ||||||||||
1+ younger siblings have different father | 0.245 | 0.155 | 0.006 | −0.232 | −0.240 | −0.334 | |||||||||
0.187 | 0.181 | 0.167 | 0.466 | 0.575 | 0.547 | ||||||||||
Family context at age 9 | |||||||||||||||
No. of residential moves since birth | 0.064 | ** | 0.054 | ||||||||||||
0.023 | 0.043 | ||||||||||||||
Maternal physical health | 0.044 | 0.081 | |||||||||||||
0.055 | 0.091 | ||||||||||||||
Mother-child closeness | −0.232 | * | 0.014 | ||||||||||||
0.108 | 0.204 | ||||||||||||||
Maternal harsh discipline | 0.312 | *** | 0.297 | * | |||||||||||
0.055 | 0.147 | ||||||||||||||
Income-to-needs ratio, ordinal (1-5) | 0.028 | −0.239 | |||||||||||||
0.054 | 0.106 | ||||||||||||||
Mother meets criteria for self-reported depression (CIDI-SF) | −0.016 | 0.183 | |||||||||||||
0.136 | 0.337 | ||||||||||||||
Father involvement (vs. seen father in last 30 days) | |||||||||||||||
Father no longer living | −0.027 | −0.154 | |||||||||||||
0.228 | 0.755 | ||||||||||||||
Not seen father in last 30 days | 0.016 | 0.277 | |||||||||||||
0.112 | 0.345 | ||||||||||||||
Paternal multipartner fertility (vs. single-partner fertility) | |||||||||||||||
Biological father has children with other partner | 0.078 | −0.172 | |||||||||||||
0.133 | 0.366 | ||||||||||||||
Unknown whether father has other children | −0.043 | −0.019 | |||||||||||||
0.174 | 0.861 | ||||||||||||||
Perceived financial support from kin | 0.090 | 0.125 | |||||||||||||
0.058 | 0.197 | ||||||||||||||
Child has poor relationship quality with siblings | 0.214 | ** | 0.202 | ||||||||||||
0.078 | 0.130 | ||||||||||||||
Intercept | 0.407 | 0.515 | 0.403 | −1.138 | 5.705 | * | 6.448 | * | 5.746 | * | 4.226 | ||||
1.695 | 1.722 | 1.646 | 1.493 | 2.664 | 2.788 | 2.766 | 2.776 | ||||||||
Dispersion parameter (alpha) | 1.09 | 1.104 | 1.081 | 0.823 | 1.271 | 1.252 | 1.230 | 1.078 | |||||||
0.15 | 0.1522 | 0.1493 | 0.1326 | 0.3303 | 0.33 | 0.3202 | 0.295 | ||||||||
N | 2288 | 2288 | 2288 | 2288 | 707 | 707 | 707 | 707 |
p<.001
p<.01
p<.05
p<.10
all models also control for child gender and age in months at age 9; mother's race/ethnicity, education and union status at child's birth; mother's number of partners prior to the birth; whether the birth was covered by Medicaid; mother's depression at age 1; child temperament at age 1; and whether any transition or multipartner fertility occurred in last two years; number of coresident full siblings at age 9.