Table 7.
Antigenotoxic studies of β–glucan evaluated with the comet assay.
| Year | Type of β-glucan | Type Cell | Mutagen or Carcinog | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro studies | ||||
| 2003 | β-glucan from S. cerevisiae β-glucan-chitin from A. niger |
V79 hamster lung cells | H2O2 | [110] |
| 2006 | Carboxymethyl chitin-glucan (CM-CG) from A. niger | Primary rat hepatocytes | BaP, N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) & dimethyldibenzocarbazole | [111] |
| 2006 | β-glucan from A. brasiliensis | Human peripheral lymphocytes | 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, (+/−)-anti-B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide & H2O2 | [112] |
| 2008 | CM-CG from A. niger | Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) & V79 hamster lung cells | NMOR | [113] |
| 2008 | CM-CGfrom A. niger | Primary rat hepatocytes | H2O2 & 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | [114] |
| 2009 | β-glucan from barley | HepG2 | BaP | [115] |
| 2009 | β-glucan from Agaricus blazei | HepG2 | BaP | [116] |
| 2010 | CM-CG from A. niger | HepG2 & HeLa cells | H2O2, Methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) & N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine (MNNG) | [117] |
| 2014 | β-glucan from barley | HepG2 | Radiation (6 Gy) | [118] |
| 2014 | β-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum | Human peripheral lymphocytes | Radiation (1, 2 & 4 Gy) | [119] |
| In vivo studies | ||||
| 2004 | CM-CG from A. niger | Lymphocytes, testicular cells & epithelial II cells from Sprague Dawley rats | H2O2 | [120] |
| 2011 | CM-G from S. cerevisiae | Cells from patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) | Prostate cancer | [121] |
| 2015 | β-glucan from S. cerevisiae | Broiler chicken lymphocytes | AFB1 | [122] |
| 2015 | β-glucan from S. cerevisiae | Mouse hepatocytes | AFB1 | [102] |