| WHO | World Health Organization |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys |
| BMI | body mass index |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LDL-C | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| HOMA-IR | insulin resistance index |
| TMAH | tetramethylammonium hydroxide |
| APDC | ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate |
| ATP | Adult Treatment Panel |
| ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometery |
| PIR | poverty:income ratio |
| IRTK | insulin receptor tyrosine kinase |
| ZAG | zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein |
| NEFAs | non-esterified fatty acids |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| HDL-C | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| MS | metabolic syndrome |
| TG | triglyceride |
| Zn | zinc |
| Cu | copper |
| Mn | manganese |
| Pb | lead |
| Hg | mercury |
| Se | selenium |