Table 1.
Baseline subject demographics and nutrient intake. F&V, fruit and vegetables.
| F&V Concentrate (n = 28) | Placebo (n = 28) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Gender (male/female) | 11/17 | 13/15 | 0.788 |
| Age (years) a | 61.4 ± 1.5 | 57.9 ± 1.4 | 0.091 |
| BMI (kg/m2) a | 34.6 ± 0.7 | 37.0 ± 1.3 | 0.271 |
| Smoking Status (never/ex) | 14/14 | 16/12 | 0.592 |
| Nutrient Intake | |||
| Total Energy (KJ/day) b | 7785 (6145, 10,371) | 6986 (5573, 8448) | 0.110 |
| Total fat (g/day) b | 78 (63, 107) | 70 (59, 87) | 0.229 |
| SFA (g/day) b | 32 (25, 45) | 28 (24, 37) | 0.205 |
| PUFA (g/day) a | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 0.626 |
| MUFA (g/day) a | 31 ± 2 | 28 ± 2 | 0.286 |
| Protein (g/day) a | 101 ± 7 | 77 (73, 99) | 0.103 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) a | 202 ± 15 | 177 ± 11 | 0.169 |
| Fibre (g/day) a | 23 ± 2 | 21 ± 1 | 0.285 |
| Calcium (mg/day) a | 965 ± 50 | 857 ± 50 | 0.134 |
| Folate (µg/day) a | 342 ± 17 | 238 ± 14 | 0.046 |
| Iron (mg/day) b | 14 (10, 21) | 11 (9, 14) | 0.103 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) a | 319 ± 21 | 270 ± 14 | 0.060 |
| Niacin (mg/day) b | 22 (17, 29) | 18 (14, 25) | 0.126 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) a | 1732 ± 118 | 1459 ± 77 | 0.058 |
| Potassium (mg/day) b | 3078 (2312, 3534) | 2409 (2065, 3014) | 0.051 |
| Retinol (µg/day) b | 351 (303, 443) | 340 (277, 435) | 0.651 |
| Riboflavin (mg/day) a | 3 ± 0 | 2 ± 0 | 0.055 |
| Sodium (mg/day) a | 2647 ± 197 | 2476 ± 158 | 0.500 |
| Thiamine (mg/day) a | 2 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 0.064 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) a | 105 ± 11 | 95 ± 8 | 0.417 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) a | 7 ± 1 | 6 ± 0 | 0.273 |
| Zinc (mg/day) b | 13 (9, 18) | 10 (9, 12) | 0.114 |
| α-carotene (µg/day) b | 811 (416, 1244) | 643 (324, 830) | 0.122 |
| β-carotene (µg/day) a | 4068 ± 387 | 3255 ± 273 | 0.092 |
| β-cryptoxanthin (µg/day) b | 125 (48, 284) | 169 (85, 234) | 0.675 |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin (µg/day) a | 862 ± 78 | 723 ± 65 | 0.177 |
| Lycopene (µg/day) b | 3967 (2602, 6338) | 3807 (2324, 7564) | 0.950 |
BMI: body mass index; SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; a mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); b median (Q1, Q3).