Table 3.
Lipid profiles, glycated haemoglobin and systemic inflammation before and after the intervention.
| F&V Concentrate (n = 28) | Placebo (n = 28) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 8 Weeks | p-Value * | 0 | 8 Weeks | p-Value * | ANCOVA ǂ
p-Value |
|
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.70 (5.00, 6.30) |
5.50 (4.83, 6.15) |
0.015 | 5.90 (4.50, 6.70) |
5.60 (4.60, 6.20) |
0.532 | 0.359 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.63 (3.17, 4.36) |
3.50 (2.95, 4.27) |
0.032 | 4.15 (3.03, 4.63) |
3.51 (2.89, 4.10) |
0.089 | 0.904 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) |
1.20 (1.10, 1.30) |
0.815 | 1.20 (1.00, 1.40) |
1.20 (1.00, 1.40) |
0.941 | 0.308 |
| Total/HDL Cholesterol | 4.50 (4.00, 5.10) |
4.55 (4.05, 5.00) |
0.221 | 4.60 (3.90, 5.60) |
4.60 (3.90, 5.50) |
0.587 | 0.634 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.81) |
1.23 (1.01, 1.67) |
0.344 | 1.36 (0.97, 1.83) |
1.53 (1.06, 1.84) |
0.012 | 0.022 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.40 (5.20, 5.60) |
5.30 (5.10, 5.50) |
0.570 | 5.40 (5.20, 5.70) |
5.30 (5.10, 5.50) |
0.149 | 0.407 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.41) |
1.02 (0.55, 1.41) |
0.037 | 1.07 (0.79, 1.22) |
0.94 (0.82, 1.26) |
0.797 | 0.071 |
| sTNFR1 (pg/mL) | 1140 (1017, 1382) |
1108 (992, 1335) |
0.829 | 1120 (967, 1319) |
1147 (953, 1383) |
0.378 | 0.668 |
| sTNFR2 (pg/mL) | 2479 (2257, 3034) |
2345 (2209, 3130) |
0.467 | 2332 (1986, 2677) |
2547 (2047, 2754) |
0.006 | 0.299 |
| Ox-LDL (mU/L) | 48,620 (41,249, 62,976) |
48,352 (41,937, 57,960) |
0.990 | 50,053 (41,262, 64,661) |
48,911 (43,400, 59,733) |
0.551 | 0.781 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | 3.1 (1.7, 5.1) |
3.9 (1.2, 5.9) |
0.536 | 3.2 (1.7, 5.2) |
2.5 (1.5, 5.4) |
0.769 | 0.301 |
* The p-value refers to the change between baseline and eight weeks within each group; ǂ ANCOVA was used to compare the change in the F&V concentrate group to the change in the placebo group; all data are presented as the median (Q1, Q3). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL); high-density lipoprotein (HDL); haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α; soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1); soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR2); oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL); C-reactive protein (CRP).