Effect of paternal high fat diet with exercise interventions on male offspring response to a glucose and insulin challenge (16–17 weeks). (A) Glucose tolerance as assessed by glucose tolerance test (GTT, 2g/kg); (B) Glucose area under the curve (AUC, min·mmol) during GTT; (C) Insulin tolerance as assessed by insulin tolerance test (ITT, 0.75 IU); (D) Glucose area above the curve (AAC, min·mol) during ITT; (E) Insulin secretion during a GTT and (F) insulin area under the curve (AUC, min·ng) during GTT. Data is expressed as mean ± standard error mean. n = 10 male offspring from n = 10 litters representative of n = 8 fathers per group. a, b Different letters denote significance at p < 0.05.