Table 2.
Effect of founder high fat diet with exercise interventions on male offspring body composition and metabolites (18 weeks old).
| Control Diet | High-Fat Diet | Exercise Intervention | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total body weight | 24.9 ± 0.3 | 25.4 ± 0.3 | 24.3 ± 0.3 |
| DEXA Body Composition | |||
| Grams (g) | |||
| Adipose tissue | 2.07 ± 0.06 a | 2.07 ± 0.06 a | 1.76 ± 0.06 b |
| Lean Mass | 22.0 ± 0.3 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | 21.6 ± 0.3 |
| Bone | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.01 |
| % of total body weight | |||
| Adipose tissue | 8.31 ± 0.20 a | 8.17 ± 0.21 a | 7.29 ± 0.21 b |
| Lean Mass | 88.1 ± 0.6 a,b | 86.9 ± 0.7 a | 89.0 ± 0.7 b |
| Bone | 3.77 ± 0.13 | 3.54 ± 0.14 | 3.84 ± 0.15 |
| Post Mortem Body Composition | |||
| Grams (g) | |||
| Liver | 0.87 ± 0.02 a | 1.04 ± 0.02 b | 0.92 ± 0.02 a |
| Pancreas | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
| Kidneys | 0.27 ± 0.01 a | 0.29 ± 0.01 b | 0.25 ± 0.08 a |
| Soleus (mg) | 8.44 ± 0.48 a | 9.70 ± 0.47 a | 6.43 ± 0.47 b |
| Vastus Lateralis (mg) | 144.9 ± 5.7 | 159.7 ± 5.7 a,b | 145.0 ± 4.5 |
| % of total body weight | |||
| Gonadal Adiposity | 1.08 ± 0.09 | 1.04 ± 0.09 | 0.98 ± 0.09 |
| Omental Adiposity | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.03 |
| Perirenal Adiposity | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
| Retro Adiposity | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 |
| Dorsal Adiposity | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 |
| Total sum Adiposity | 1.89 ± 0.14 | 1.86 ± 0.14 | 1.71 ± 0.12 |
| Liver | 3.67 ± 0.10 a | 3.98 ± 0.10 b | 3.84 ± 0.10 a,b |
| Pancreas | 0.61 ± 0.02 a | 0.67 ± 0.02 b | 0.63 ± 0.02 a |
| Kidneys | 1.13 ± 0.02 a | 1.11 ± 0.02 a,b | 1.06 ± 0.02 b |
| Metabolites | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L−1) | 9.15 ± 0.60 | 7.97 ± 0.69 | 8.54 ± 0.66 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L−1) | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.41 ± 0.02 b | 2.32 ± 0.01 a |
| FFA (mmol/L−1) | 0.43 ± 0.01 a | 0.42 ± 0.01 a | 0.39 ± 0.01 b |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L−1) | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03 |
| Insulin (ng/L−1) | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.64 ± 0.07 |
Data is expressed as mean ± standard error mean n = 10 male offspring from n = 10 litters representative of n = 8 fathers per group. a, b Different superscript letters denote significance at p < 0.05. DEXA: dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry machine; FFA: free fatty acid.