Table 3.
Differences of PhA in study population stratified by sex, age, and BMI.
| BMI | Males n = 461 | Females n = 552 | p | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PhA | PhA | ||||||||||
| n | Mean | SD | 10th | 5th | n | Mean | SD | 10th | 5th | ||
| Normal weight | |||||||||||
| 18–28 years | 25 | 6.08 | ±0.43 | 5.60 | 5.52 | 31 | 5.65 | ±0.21 | 5.40 | 5.25 | <0.001 |
| 29–38 years | 15 | 6.72 | ±0.39 | 6.30 | 6.27 | 25 | 6.07 | ±0.16 | 5.90 | 5.90 | <0.001 |
| 39–48 years | 14 | 6.84 | ±0.38 | 6.43 | 6.33 | 31 | 5.74 | ±0.15 | 5.60 | 5.60 | <0.001 |
| 49–58 years | 12 | 6.10 | ±0.34 | 5.60 | 5.60 | 11 | 5.52 | ±0.06 | 5.50 | 5.50 | <0.001 |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Overweight | |||||||||||
| 18–28 years | 33 | 6.58 | ±0.62 | 5.92 | 5.80 | 27 | 6.30 | ±0.22 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 0.001 |
| 29–38 years | 30 | 7.24 | ±0.46 | 6.79 | 6.48 | 13 | 6.86 | ±0.12 | 6.80 | 6.76 | <0.001 |
| 39–48 years | 27 | 6.86 | ±0.32 | 6.40 | 6.40 | 31 | 6.47 | ±0.25 | 6.3 | 6.2 | <0.001 |
| 49–58 years | 27 | 6.41 | ±0.45 | 5.90 | 5.90 | 14 | 5.98 | ±0.33 | 5.63 | 5.53 | <0.001 |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Obesity grade I | |||||||||||
| 18–28 years | 32 | 5.88 | ±0.73 | 4.90 | 4.90 | 34 | 5.55 | ±0.28 | 5.13 | 5.10 | 0.021 |
| 29–38 years | 17 | 7.08 | ±0.51 | 6.34 | 6.08 | 25 | 6.40 | ±0.37 | 6.10 | 5.94 | <0.001 |
| 39–48 years | 16 | 6.72 | ±0.47 | 6.10 | 6.00 | 27 | 5.85 | ±0.29 | 5.46 | 5.40 | <0.001 |
| 49–58 years | 22 | 5.54 | ±0.45 | 4.82 | 4.70 | 22 | 5.21 | ±0.38 | 4.81 | 4.70 | 0.012 |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Obesity grade II | |||||||||||
| 18–28 years | 27 | 5.39 | ±0.70 | 4.46 | 4.26 | 33 | 5.10 | ±0.35 | 4.70 | 4.66 | 0.041 |
| 29–38 years | 18 | 6.53 | ±0.30 | 6.10 | 6.08 | 30 | 6.13 | ±0.29 | 5.89 | 5.74 | <0.001 |
| 39–48 years | 21 | 5.93 | ±0.40 | 5.50 | 5.40 | 30 | 5.36 | ±0.41 | 4.90 | 4.84 | <0.001 |
| 49–58 years | 21 | 5.23 | ±0.61 | 4.40 | 4.30 | 23 | 4.55 | ±0.30 | 4.20 | 4.20 | <0.001 |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Obesity grade III | |||||||||||
| 18–28 years | 30 | 4.96 | ±0.40 | 4.39 | 4.30 | 31 | 4.63 | ±0.31 | 4.20 | 4.15 | <0.001 |
| 29–38 years | 21 | 6.31 | ±0.27 | 6.00 | 5.97 | 52 | 5.61 | ±0.47 | 5.10 | 5.10 | <0.001 |
| 39–48 years | 33 | 5.73 | ±0.44 | 5.22 | 5.16 | 39 | 4.99 | ±0.21 | 4.70 | 4.69 | <0.001 |
| 49–58 years | 20 | 4.8 | ±0.34 | 4.40 | 4.39 | 23 | 4.50 | ±0.29 | 4.12 | 4.01 | <0.001 |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Across all age and BMI categories PhA was significantly greater in males than in females. Within each sex and BMI group, PhA tended to increase with increasing age up to 29–38 years, except for the normal weight men whose PhA continued to increase up to 39–48 years, with a subsequent decline along with increasing age. Within each age group, PhA tended to increase with increasing BMI up to a value of 25–30 kg/m2 in both females and males, while decreasing in higher BMI groups. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. p value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05). PhA, Phase Angle, BMI, Body Mass Index; SD, Standard Deviation.