| ACC | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
| AGEs | advanced glycation end products |
| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| C/EBP | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein |
| CPT1a | hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a |
| DPP-4 | dipeptidyl peptidase-4 |
| FAS | fatty acid synthase |
| GLUT | glucose transporter |
| HSA | human serum albumin |
| PPARα | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma |
| PTP1B | protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B |
| SGLT-1 | sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-1 |
| STZ | streptozotocin |