Figure 5.

Effects of chlorogenic acid (CHA) and caffeic acid (CA) derivatives ((A–G), as shown in Figure 1) on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production. (A) Caco-2 cells were exposed to 2 mM H₂O₂ and treated with 1 mM of each compound. After 24 h, culture medium was collected and IL-8 secretion was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (B) IL-8 mRNA expression was measured 3 h after treatment using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Values are mean ± SE (n = 3). Means that have no letter in common are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05) by Tukey’s test.