Table 5.

Analysis of preliminary list against features of change chronic and complex care

Theorya	Relevant to micro, meso and macro levels	Clearly allows for active involvement by more than one organisation	Patient involvement	Empirical or theoretical bases explicit	Practical measurement tools in key reference?
PRISM Feldstein & Glasgow 2008 [37]	Partly – “macro” barely covered	No	Yes	No - Basis for selecting references not given	Yes
CFIR Damschroder2009 [32]	Partly – “macro” barely covered	No	Somewhat – seeing patients as targets	Yes	Yes Comprehensive discussion and referencing of aspects to be measured
NPT May 2009 [33]a	Partly – “macro” not covered	Consistent but not explicit	Consistent but not explicit	Yes	Partly – Broad outline presented for measurements
General theory of implementation May 2013 [34]	Partly – “macro” not covered	Consistent but not explicit	Consistent but not explicit	Yes	Partly - Measurement conceptually explained
PARIHS Kitson et al. 2008 [26]	Partly – “macro” not covered	Consistent but not explicit	Addressed in evidence – not as active in implementation.	Yes	Yes - Guide for qualitative data collection.
Revised PARIHS framework for USA VHA Stetler 2011 [35]	Partly – “macro” not covered	No	Somewhat – seeing patients as targets	Yes	Yes – Measures explicitly outlined
CRARUM Kontos 2009 [38]	Partly – “macro” not covered	No	No	Yes	No
ARCC Melnyk 2010 [39]	No – micro barely covered, focus of meso is nursing and macro absent	No	No	No	Partly - 2 proposed scales are referenced
Sticky knowledge Elwyn 2007 [36]	Partly – “macro” not covered	Consistent but not explicit	Yes	Partial – describes and references one theory from another discipline	No – Little basis provided for measurement.

^aTheories named in bold are those wholly or partly meeting at least 4 of the 5 criteria