Table 2.
Baseline patient characteristics
| All patients (N = 485) n (%) |
Inductionsa
(n = 306) n (%) |
Transfersa
(n = 179) n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mal | 402 (83) | 256 (84) | 146 (82) |
| Age, average (range) | 47 (23–73) | 47 (24–71) | 47 (24–73) |
| Race and ethnicityb | |||
| Black | 140 (29) | 107 (35)* | 33 (18) |
| Hispanic | 60 (12) | 38 (12) | 22 (12) |
| White | 147 (30) | 76 (25)* | 71 (40) |
| Insurance statusc | |||
| Medicaid | 294 (61) | 193 (64) | 101 (56) |
| Commercial | 39 (8) | 15 (5)* | 24 (13) |
| Medicare | 11 (2.5) | 6 (2) | 5 (3) |
| Uninsured/self pay | 113 (23) | 71 (22) | 42 (24) |
| Unemployed | |||
| Homeless (shelter or street)d | 80 (16) | 64 (21)* | 16 (9) |
| History of Incarceratione | 338 (70) | 227 (74)* | 111 (62) |
| Hepatitis C positive, self-report | 152 (31) | 95 (30) | 57 (40) |
| HIV positive, self-report | 47 (10) | 32 (10) | 15 (10) |
| Opioid use | |||
| Heroin use, last 7 days | 252 (52) | 220 (72)* | 32 (18) |
| Heroin use, lifetime | 444 (92) | 289 (94)* | 155 (87) |
| Prescription opioid misuse, last 7 days | 105 (22) | 88 (29)* | 17 (10) |
| Prescription opioid Misuse, lifetime | 274 (56) | 174 (57) | 100 (56) |
| IV drug use, last 7 days | 104 (22) | 88 (29)* | 16 (9) |
| Buprenorphine, previous illicit or licit use | 368 (76) | 199 (65)* | 179 (100) |
| Methadone maintenance, previous | 295 (61) | 191 (62) | 104 (63) |
| Methadone maintenance, current | 26 (7) | 26 (8)* | 0 (0) |
| Other drug use | |||
| Cocaine use, last 7 days | 102 (21) | 76 (25)* | 26 (15) |
| Benzodiazepine use, last 7 days | 57 (12) | 36 (12) | 21 (12) |
| Cannabis use, last 7 days | 83 (17) | 53 (17) | 30 (18) |
| Heavy drinking (>5 drinks per occasion), last 12 months | 125 (26) | 85 (28) | 40 (24) |
| Smoking, current | 391 (81) | 252 (82) | 139 (78) |
* Indicates baseline demographics that are statistically different (<0.05) between induction patients and patients transferring care, using Fisher’s exact test or Chi square test of independence
aInductions refer to patients offered a new buprenorphine induction prescription. Transfers were existing buprenorphine patients transferring care to our practice and induced elsewhere onto buprenorphine
b Missing data: all patients (n = 138); inductions (n = 85); transfers (n = 53)
cMissing data: all patients (n = 280), inductions (n = 19), transfers (n = 7)
dMissing data: all patients (n = 18), inductions (9), transfers (n = 9)
eMissing data: all patients (n = 85), inductions (46), transfers (n = 39)