TABLE 3.

Effect sizes of gender hour differences by time point

	Males		Females			Difference
Discrete time points	Intercept	SD	Intercept	SD	Intercept difference	95% CI	SE	p Valuea	Cohen’s db
T9	22.74	25.25	53.07	28.25	30.33	(−8.07, 69.87)	20.27	0.07	1.18
T10	20.06	26.64	44.47	27.58	24.42	(−18.12, 68.17)	22.30	0.14	0.90
T11	21.95	25.72	52.53	28.48	30.58	(−8.80, 70.19)	20.47	0.07	1.12
T12	8.54	25.50	55.01	28.09	46.47	(10.59, 84.91)	18.69	0.01	1.72
T13	22.12	28.23	50.70	28.85	28.59	(−10.46, 69.83)	20.32	0.08	1.00
T14	24.20	27.12	43.62	29.14	19.41	(−17.30, 58.48)	18.76	0.15	0.68
T15	28.84	26.08	47.03	30.15	18.18	(−18.22, 55.34)	18.56	0.17	0.63

^aOne-tailed p values reported in accordance with hypothesis tested.

^bCohen’s d effect sizes comparing males (N = 128) and females (N = 198) at each time point.