Biosynthesis of BDLs and the azaphilone asperfuranone. Colored numerals: the number of ketide (C2) units (C–C bond in bold) incorporated by the hrPKS vs the nrPKS (“split” of the iPKS pair). Key: ACP, acyl carrier protein; AT, malonyl-CoA:ACP acyltransferase; CM, C-methyltransferase; DH, dehydratase; ER, enoylreductase; KR, ketoreductase; KS, ketosynthase; PT, product template; R, reductive release; SAT: starter unit:ACP transacylase; TE, thioesterase.