TABLE 2.

Themes, Major Findings, and Relevant Quotes Related to Social Influences on Alcohol Use During Pregnancy

Theme and Example Question	Major Finding	Relevant Quotes
Partner support
Do you think your opinion about alcohol use during pregnancy is shared by your partner? What is their opinion about alcohol use during pregnancy?	Women’s partners tend to share similar views and discourage them from drinking while pregnant, with some notable exceptions	[About her husband] “We went to a party and there was people drinking, or like a house party or a get- together, and there was people drinking. He’ll be like, ‘Let’s just go home.’” [Chicago, Hispanic, 18 – 24, recently had baby]
Family/friend influences
Do you think your opinion about alcohol use during pregnancy is shared by your family members? What are their opinions about alcohol use during pregnancy?	Family and friends influence women’s alcohol behaviors both positively and negatively	[Describing her mother] “She give me liquor when I’m pregnant. So I don’t think, you know, Ithink she care but she’ll be like, ‘Oh, it’s not going to hurt the baby, just have a little bit,’ you know.” [Chicago, Black/ African American, 18– 24, trying/planning to get pregnant]
		“It comes down to the person, to the people. I mean, you could have one good friend that says, ‘No don’t do it,’ and you could have an equally good friend that says, ‘Who cares?’” [Chicago, White, 18– 24, recently had baby]
Response if offered a drink while pregnant or trying
If there was a chance you might be pregnant and someone offered you a drink, what would you say or do? Why?	If offered alcohol while pregnant, almost all of the women would turn that offer down, but a number of women did drink while pregnant or plan to drink while actively trying	“You know, you don’t have to explain why you don’t want to drink. You know, if I say, ‘No,’ I say, ‘No.’” (REFUSE) [Atlanta, Black/African American, 18– 24, recently had baby]
	When they do decide to resist an offer of alcohol, the women endorsed each suggested option (just saying “no,” providing an explanation or excuse, avoiding the situation, and leaving)	“Yeah, I’d make up an excuse not to drink. ‘I have a cold,’ or something. ‘I’m taking medication,’ some- thing.” (EXPLAIN) [Chicago, Hispanic, 18– 24, not trying to get pregnant]
		“Well, one thing is if you, if you’ve got five girlfriends and three of them are serious drinkers and you ain’t trying to drink, go out with the other two.” (AVOID) [Atlanta, Black, 25 – 35, trying to get pregnant]
		“I’m the type of person if I want to go, I’m uncomfortable, if I don’t feel comfortable, ‘Okay, I’m leaving. Have a good time.’ It doesn’t bother me.” (LEAVE) [Atlanta, Hispanic, 25 – 35, recently had baby]