. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011 Jul 11;97(1):F18–F23. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.209213

Table 4.

Outcomes immediately following intervention: item scores^* for items differing by study group

	Breastfeeding at 2 months	No breastfeeding at 2 months	p Value
BSES items and scale
I can always comfortably breastfeed with my family members present	3.7±1.2	2.7±1.4	0.055
I can always know when to switch from one breast to the other	3.0±1.3	2.9±0.9	0.859
Total BSES	3.5±0.7	2.7±0.7	0.019
BMEE items and scale
I don’t want anyone to see me (pumping/hand expressing)	2.5±1.1	3.4±1.1	0.062
I had no problems figuring out how to (use the pump/hand express colostrum/milk)	3.8±1.0	3.0±0.6	0.048
The instructions for (using the pump/hand expressing) are clear	4.3±0.6	3.4±1.	0.002
Total score, 11-item BMEE	3.5±0.5	3.2±0.3	0.134

Items scored on a 1–5 scale, from 1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree.

p Values are for eventual outcome of breastfeeding at 2 months compared to no breastfeeding at 2 months.

BMEE, breast milk expression experience; BSES, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale.