Table 2.
Exposure and outcome distributions in the study population.
| Variable | Children with early-childhood data | Children with mid-childhood data | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Median (P25–P75) | n | Median (P25–P75) | |
| Exposure | ||||
| Prenatal plasma PFAS concentrations (ng/mL) | ||||
| PFOS | 1,006 | 24.8 (18.4–34.1) | 876 | 24.7 (18.2–33.6) |
| PFOA | 1,006 | 5.6 (4.1–7.7) | 876 | 5.6 (3.9–7.6) |
| PFHxS | 1,006 | 2.4 (1.6–3.8) | 876 | 2.3 (1.6–3.7) |
| PFNA | 1,006 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 876 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) |
| Adiposity measurements | ||||
| Early childhood | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 988 | 16.4 (15.6–17.3) | ||
| BMI z-score | 988 | 0.5 (–0.2–1.1) | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 992 | 51.1 (49.2–53.4) | ||
| Waist-to-hip circumference ratio (× 100) | 987 | 91.4 (86.8–94.7) | ||
| Sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 964 | 16.0 (13.8–18.8) | ||
| Subscapular-to-triceps skinfold thickness ratio (× 100) | 964 | 62.8 (54.0–72.9) | ||
| Mid-childhood | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 871 | 16.4 (15.4–18.2) | ||
| BMI z-score | 871 | 0.4 (–0.3–1.1) | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 873 | 58.3 (54.5–63.0) | ||
| Waist-to-hip circumference ratio (× 100) | 861 | 87.2 (84.2–90.4) | ||
| Sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 873 | 16.6 (13.4–22.0) | ||
| Subscapular-to-triceps skinfold thickness ratio (× 100) | 873 | 66.7 (58.1–80.6) | ||
| DXA total fat mass index (kg/m2) | 700 | 3.8 (3.1–5.1) | ||
| DXA total fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 700 | 12.9 (12.1–13.9) | ||
| DXA trunk fat mass index (kg/m2) | 700 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | ||
| Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry; P25, 25th percentile; P75, 75th percentile; PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substance; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate. | ||||