Figure 1.

Overview: intra-arterial therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. During conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE), an emulsion of chemotherapeutic drugs and Lipiodol is delivered selectively to the tumor, followed by embolization of the tumor-feeding arteries. Drug-eluting beads (DEB)-TACE is performed highly selectively using spheres with a dual drug-releasing and embolic potential. The concept of yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90-RE) consists of the delivery of a β-emitting payload to the tumor in a less selective, lobar fashion. Due to the small size of the microspheres, they have less embolic potential but penetrate deeply into the tumor.