Figure 4.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. (A) The baseline contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) determines a mass-forming lesion in the left lobe with marginal enhancement in the portal-venous phase (white arrow). The patient was subjected to conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for tumor treatment afterwards; (B) a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed intra-procedurally during the cTACE procedure. Imaging demonstrates the deposition of Lipiodol (white arrows) within the lesion (blue line); (C) the ceMRI scan performed one month after cTACE reveals hypoenhancing areas within the lesion that indicate necrosis in the portal-venous phase (white arrow). Necrosis was achieved in those areas with the highest Lipiodol deposition on the CBCT scan.