Table 1. Summary of the RCTs comparing the treatment options of short implants vs. standard-length implants in combination with vertical bone augmentation procedures.

Region	Author	Year	Results
Maxilla	Esposito et al. [51]	2011	5-mm short implants achieved similar if not better results to those of longer implants placed in an augmented bone.
Maxilla	Gulje et al. [52]	2014	6-mm implants and 11-mm implants combined with sinus floor elevation surgery were equally successful.
Maxilla and mandible	Pistilli et al. [53]	2013	6-mm long implants with a conventional diameter of 4 mm achieved similar if not better results than longer implants placed in an augmented bone.
Maxilla and mandible	Pistilli et al. [54]	2013	5-mm implants achieved results similar to those of longer implants placed in an augmented bone.
Maxilla	Thoma et al. [55]	2015	Short implants may be more favorable in terms of short-term patient morbidity, treatment time, and treatment costs.
Maxilla and mandible	Esposito et al. [56]	2012	Short implants might be a preferable choice to bone augmentation, particularly in posterior mandibles.
Maxilla and mandible	Felice et al. [57]	2009	There was no statistically significant difference in patient preferences, as patients found both short and long implants acceptable.
Mandible	Esposito et al. [61]	2014	5-mm short implants achieved results similar to those of longer implants in augmented bone.
Mandible	Felice et al. [62]	2014	The prognosis of short implants was as good as that of long implants placed vertically in augmented mandibles.

RCTs, randomized controlled clinical trials.