Table 1.
Demographic data.
| Control (N = 36) | RIPC (N = 36) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.199 | ||
| Male | 31 (47.0%) | 35 (53.0 %) | |
| Female | 5 (83.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| Age (years) | 71.4 ± 7.2 | 69.1 ± 6.6 | 0.163 |
| Height (cm) | 152.0 (148.5-157.4) | 150.9 (148.0-158.0) | 0.991 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.1 (54.5-67.6) | 56.5 (51.2-62.1) | 0.075 |
| Smoking history | 3 (75.0%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0.614 |
| Operation site | 0.810 | ||
| Left | 22 (51.2%) | 21 (48.8%) | |
| Right | 14 (48.3%) | 15 (51.7%) | |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| HTN | 21 (53.8%) | 18 (46.2%) | 0.478 |
| DM | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.795 |
| Anaesthetic agents | |||
| Sevofluranemin (Vol%) | 1.0 (1.0-1.2) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.185 |
| Sevofluranemax (Vol%) | 2.0 (1.8-2.0) | 1.8 (1.5-2.0) | 0.217 |
| Remifentanil (μg) | 1408.0 (1254.0-1755.5) | 1431.0 (1276.0-1667.0) | 0.973 |
| Vasopressor or inotropics | |||
| Phenylephrine (μg) | 372.5 (95.0-907.5) | 172.5 (15.0-710.0) | 0.153 |
| Ephedrine (mg) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-4.0) | 0.365 |
| Incidence of atropine | 4 (11.1%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.733 |
| Anaesthesia duration (min) | 0.727 | ||
| 169.5 (153.0-192.5) | 173.5 (157.5-190.0) | ||
| Operation duration (min) | 0.933 | ||
| 107.0 (97.0-130.0) | 113.0 (100.0-130.0) | ||
| Tourniquet duration (min) | 0.000 | ||
| 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 300.0 (280.0-300.0) | ||
| Transfusion and bleeding | |||
| Intraoperative pRBC transfusion (units) | 0.043 | ||
| 0 | 25 (42.4%) | 34 (57.6%) | |
| 1 | 3 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 2 | 7 (77.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | |
| 4 | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Postoperative pRBC transfusion (units) | 0.002 | ||
| 0 | 25 (41.0%) | 36 (59.0%) | |
| 1 | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 2 | 10 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Postoperative 24 h bleeding (mL) | 0.000 | ||
| 365.3 ± 192.2 | 193.4 ± 146.1 | ||
Values are expressed as the number of patients or mean ± standard deviation or median (25% -75%).
Abbreviations: Control, control group; RIPC, remote ischaemic preconditioning group; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; Sevofluranemin, consumed minimal concentration of sevoflurane during anaesthesia; Sevofluranemax, consumed maximal concentration of sevoflurane during anaesthesia; pRBC, packed red blood cell.