Table A1.
Cognitive exercises of I-DONT-FALL (IDF) cognitive training.
| Exercise | Contents | Objective of training |
|---|---|---|
| Memory | ||
| Remember the picture | The user is shown a picture, then this is immediately replaced with other pictures. The user is asked to find the previous picture among the subsequent ones. | Declarative episodic short-term visuo-spatial memory |
| Remember the melody | The user is presented with a piano playing some notes with corresponding key lighting up. The user is asked to reproduce the melody. | Declarative episodic short-term auditory memory |
| Hide and find | The user is shown one of three fully-furnished rooms (living room, bathroom, kitchen). During the encoding phase the user is asked to hide from 5 to 10 items in there (in the room). After 15 minutes, during the delayed recall phase, the user is asked to reposition the items in their initial location. | Declarative episodic long-term visuo-spatial memory |
| Do you remember your order | The user is shown two menus (his and his friend’s) and is asked to memorize them. Immediately after, the user is asked to recognize the ordered dishes among distracters. | Declarative episodic short-term verbal memory |
| Remember the design | The user is shown a design drawn on a 9-dot matrix and is asked to encode it. Immediately after the design disappears, the user is asked to reproduce it on the same 9-dot matrix. | Declarative episodic short-term visual memory |
| Find the pairs | The user is shown a grid of uncovered paired cards. After the cards are covered, the user is asked to find the pairs of identical pictures. | Declarative episodic short-term visual memory |
| Who belongs where | The user has to choose the correct profession of famous people among two alternatives. | Semantic memory |
| Executive functions and attention | ||
| Similarities | The user is asked to select the correct sentence among 3 describing the similarity between two concepts. | Abstraction |
| Differences | The user is asked to select the correct sentence among 3 describing the difference between two concepts. | Abstraction |
| Analogies | The user is given one pair of related concepts and another concept without its pair. The subject is asked to choose the correct concept out of four to form another pair. | Abstraction |
| Picture sort | The user is presented a series of pictures and is asked to move each one into one of two boxes following a rule. This must be inferred by the feedback given each time a picture is moved into the correct or incorrect box. | Abstraction |
| Be a piano player | The user is presented with a piano playing some notes. When a note plays the corresponding key lights up and the user is asked to press the key and reproduce the note. Notes follow one another at growing speed. | Attention |
| Take away menu | The user must order a take away menu following some rules (e.g., maximum price, foods not to be ordered). | Inhibition, planning, problem-solving |
| Train guidance | The user is presented with a train rail and some parts of this are interrupted or missing. The user is asked to straighten or complete the rail in order to ensure the train passage. | Planning, problem-solving |
| Lost in the city | The user must pay attention to the direction given by the central person among five giving different directions. | Selective attention—interference inhibition |
| Guess Who | The user is asked to identify the mystery character by excluding those characters who do not meet the descriptions of the right one. | Visuo-spatial attention |
| N-back | The user is presented with a sequence of pictures and is asked to indicate when the current picture matches the one from n steps earlier in the sequence. | Working memory |
| Remember the sequence | The user is shown a sequence of pictures. These are positioned in the array each time in a different sequence. The user is asked to remember the pictures in their right sequence. At the same time, if a picture that follows the specified rule is placed in the sequence, the user must clap his hands. | Working memory |
| Constructional praxis | ||
| Puzzle | The user is asked to combine the pieces of a puzzle to complete the final figure | Constructional praxis |
| Copy of figures | The user is asked to copy the geometrical figures. | Constructional praxis |
| Language | ||
| Synonymous | The user must connect words of two different lists coupling synonymous words. | Lexicon access |
| Antonymous | The user must connect words of two different lists coupling antonymous words. | Lexicon access |
| Logical reasoning | ||
| Incomplete grids | The user is asked to complete the grid by inserting the right tile in a multiple choice. | Logical reasoning |
| Symbol addition | The user is asked to solve arithmetic operations using symbols instead of digits. | Logical reasoning |
| Domino | The user is asked to pair identical images by placing each tile next to the corresponding one. | Logical reasoning |
| Orientation | ||
| My home | The user must move a person into a house following a precise trail. | Spatial orientation |
| Travelling in Europe | The user is shown a map of Europe and must select different countries according a specified order during a trip. | Spatial orientation |