Perampanel administration for 90 days rescued anterior horn cells (AHCs) from death in conditional adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) knockout mice (AR2). (A,B) Frequency histogram of AHC diameters in the perampanel group (P, gray columns) and the vehicle group (V, white columns): by TO-PRO-3 staining (A) and by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunostaining (B). The vertical axis indicates the proportion of the total number of AHCs with diameters in each range; (C) The number of ChAT-positive AHCs with a diameter of more than 20 µm in AR2 mice treated with (P) or without (V) perampanel. V, vehicle (methyl cellulose)-treated AR2 mice (n = 5); P, perampanel-treated AR2 mice (n = 5). Means (columns) and standard errors of the mean (SEMs) (bars) are indicated. n = 5; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U test against the value of the vehicle group. This figure is modified from a previously published figure [48].