| 5caC | 5-carboxylcytosine |
| 5fC | 5-formylcytosine |
| 5hmC | 5-hydroxymethycytosine |
| 5mC | 5-methylcytosine |
| 8-oxodG | 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine |
| BER | base excision repair |
| Mecp2 | methyl-CpG binding protein 2 |
| Mutyh | mutY DNA glycosylase |
| nDNA | nuclear DNA |
| NER | nucleotide excision repair |
| Neil1 | Nei-like DNA glycosylase 1 |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| Ogg1 | DNA glycosylase oxoguanosine 1 |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species; |
| TDG | thymine DNA glycosylase |
| TEMPO | 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl |
| TET | ten-eleven translocation enzymes |
| TF | transcription factors |
| Xrcc1 | X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 |