Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of subjects with NGT according to family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives
| Total (n = 1704) | Men (n = 691) | Women (n = 1053) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FH− | FH+ | P | P a | P b | FH− | FH+ | P | P a | P b | FH− | FH+ | P | P a | P b | |
| (n = 1358) | (n = 346) | (n = 533) | (n = 158) | (n = 825) | (n = 228) | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 34.8 ± 5.4 | 35.7 ± 5.2 | 0.004 | 35.1 ± 5.5 | 35.5 ± 5.5 | 0.439 | 34.7 ± 5.3 | 35.9 ± 5.0 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Height (cm) | 165.0 ± 8.4 | 165.5 ± 8.3 | 0.320 | 0.200 | 0.320 | 172.9 ± 5.7 | 173.0 ± 5.5 | 0.887 | 0.767 | 0.766 | 160.0 ± 5.4 | 160.4 ± 5.5 | 0.301 | 0.113 | 0.107 |
| Weight (cm) | 62.2 ± 11.9 | 63.8 ± 12.2 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.286 | 71.5 ± 10.4 | 73.6 ± 10.8 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.845 | 56.3 ± 8.7 | 57.0 ± 7.7 | 0.242 | 0.832 | 0.108 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 0.023 | 0.046 | 23.9 ± 3.1 | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 0.018 | 0.012 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 0.443 | 0.853 | |||
| WC (cm) | 77.1 ± 9.6 | 78.1 ± 9.3 | 0.058 | 0.108 | 0.944 | 82.4 ± 8.6 | 84.0 ± 8.5 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.806 | 73.6 ± 8.6 | 74.0 ± 7.6 | 0.492 | 0.774 | 0.778 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 107.9 ± 12.5 | 109.2 ± 12.4 | 0.062 | 0.126 | 0.331 | 113.0 ± 12.1 | 114.8 ± 11.5 | 0.085 | 0.096 | 0.291 | 104.6 ± 11.7 | 105.4 ± 11.5 | 0.380 | 0.766 | 0.776 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.4 ± 10.1 | 72.8 ± 10.0 | 0.019 | 0.045 | 0.153 | 75.8 ± 10.2 | 78.0 ± 10.0 | 0.017 | 0.021 | 0.095 | 68.6 ± 9.0 | 69.2 ± 8.4 | 0.359 | 0.713 | 0.724 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 179.9 ± 33.4 | 184.9 ± 32.4 | 0.009 | 0.024 | 0.086 | 186.4 ± 34.4 | 195.3 ± 35.9 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.034 | 175.9 ± 32.1 | 177.5 ± 27.8 | 0.476 | 0.641 | 0.667 |
| TG (mg/dL)c | 89.0 (62.0–134.0) | 100.5 (65.0–162.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 112.0 (77.5–165.0) | 137.0 (92.8–203.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 72.0 (53.5–104.0) | 78.0 (55.0–109.8) | 0.020 | 0.022 | 0.019 |
| HDL (mg/dL)c | 48.7 (41.7–56.5) | 46.9 (40.8–56.5) | 0.085 | 0.147 | 0.367 | 45.2 (40.0–52.2) | 43.4 (38.2–49.8) | 0.064 | 0.070 | 0.277 | 52.2 (45.2–60.0) | 52.6 (44.3–59.1) | 0.524 | 0.823 | 0.835 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 108.6 ± 29.1 | 110.9 ± 26.9 | 0.164 | 0.314 | 0.576 | 113.3 ± 30.6 | 117.8 ± 29.0 | 0.113 | 0.136 | 0.313 | 105.7 ± 27.7 | 106.3 ± 24.5 | 0.779 | 0.887 | 0.871 |
| AST (IU/L)c | 18.0 (15.0–21.0) | 18.0 (16.0–22.0) | 0.467 | 0.604 | 0.993 | 20.0 (18.0–24.5) | 22.0 (18.0–26.0) | 0.205 | 0.211 | 0.556 | 16.0 (15.0–19.0) | 16.0 (15.0–18.0) | 0.476 | 0.276 | 0.270 |
| ALT (IU/L)c | 14.0 (11.0–22.0) | 15.0 (11.0–23.0) | 0.076 | 0.108 | 0.338 | 21.0 (15.0–31.0) | 24.0 (17.8–32.3) | 0.037 | 0.037 | 0.244 | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) | 12.0 (10.0–15.8) | 0.715 | 0.974 | 0.991 |
| GGT (IU/L)c | 17.0 (12.0–27.5) | 18.0 (13.0–30.0) | 0.033 | 0.062 | 0.171 | 29.0 (19.0–48.0) | 30.0 (22.0–53.0) | 0.107 | 0.132 | 0.460 | 13.0 (11.0–17.0) | 14.0 (12.0–18.0) | 0.110 | 0.137 | 0.138 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 87.8 ± 5.9 | 89.0 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 89.1 ± 5.8 | 90.0 ± 5.2 | 0.094 | 0.115 | 0.327 | 87.0 ± 5.8 | 88.3 ± 5.4 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL)c | 9.25 (7.61–11.40) | 9.27 (7.69–11.78) | 0.830 | 0.720 | 0.667 | 9.32 (7.56–11.45) | 9.76 (7.89–12.42) | 0.115 | 0.104 | 0.602 | 8.72 (7.58–11.53) | 9.16 (7.63–11.36) | 0.272 | 0.335 | 0.265 |
| HOMA-IRc | 2.00 (1.63–2.53) | 2.05 (1.66–2.64) | 0.391 | 0.367 | 0.877 | 2.06 (1.65–2.58) | 2.24 (1.77–2.68) | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.486 | 1.92 (1.59–2.48) | 1.96 (1.61–2.47) | 0.668 | 0.685 | 0.606 |
| HOMA-βc | 137.5 (111.1–174.6) | 134.2 (105.0–164.9) | 0.020 | 0.047 | 0.018 | 130.8 (105.6–165.4) | 135.50 (103.68–170.87) | 0.745 | 0.655 | 0.787 | 140. 7 (114.1–179.0) | 132.6 (105.2–163.8) | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Subjects with normal glucose tolerance are included in this analysis (n = 1704). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (for normal distribution) or as median (interquartile range)
Statistical significance was defined as a P value of <0.05 (Italic values)
FH family history of diabetes, WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and beta cell
P values are calculated by t test
a P values adjusted for age
b P values adjusted for age and BMI
cThese variables were log transformed for the analysis