Table 2.
List of 104 primary otologic and systemic conditions identified as targeted diseases for detection prior to hearing aid fitting.
| Primary otologic |
Primary systemic |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Consequences without services a | Diagnostic difficulty | Isolated otologic symptoms | Condition | Consequences without services a | Diagnostic difficulty | Isolated otologic symptoms |
| Epidermoid carcinoma | 4 | 2 | 1 | Cerebellar infarction | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Malignant external otitis | 4 | 3 | 0 | Inferior pontine syndromes | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Otitic meningitis | 4 | 3 | 1 | Intracranial hemorrhage | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute mastoiditis | 3 | 2 | 1 | Leukemia | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Acute petrositis (Gradenigo) | 3 | 2 | 1 | Lymphoma | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Benign neoplasms | 3 | 2 | 1 | Major vessels | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Complications of chronic active OM–cholesteatoma | 3 | 1 | 2 | Occlusion of AICA | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Complications of chronic active OM–labyrinth fistula | 3 | 2 | 0 | Salicylates | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Congenital cholesteatoma | 3 | 2 | 3 | Stroke | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial neuroma | 3 | 2 | 1 | Alzheimer's | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Glandular neoplasms | 3 | 2 | 1 | Dementia (non-Alzheimer's) | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Metastatic neoplasms (breast, kidney, lung, stomach, larynx, prostate, thyroid) | 3 | 3 | 2 | Diabetes | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | Giant cell arteritis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Neurofibromatosis 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Other lesions CPA | 3 | 2 | 1 | Lymphomatoid granulomatosis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Otitic hydrocephalus | 3 | 3 | 1 | Multiple myeloma | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Otosyphilis | 3 | 3 | 1 | Occlusion of PICA (Wallenberg) | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Penetrating injury | 3 | 1 | 0 | Polyarteritis nodosa | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Perilymph fistula | 3 | 3 | 0 | Quinine & chlorquinine | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Sarcoma | 3 | 2 | 1 | Susac's syndrome | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Serous/toxic labyrinthitis | 3 | 3 | 0 | Systemic lupus erythmatosus | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Sinus thrombophlebitis | 3 | 2 | 1 | Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Spontaneous CSF leak | 3 | 3 | 0 | Wegener's granulomatosis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Sudden HL of vascular etiology | 3 | 2 | 1 | Aminoglycoside | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Suppurative labyrinthitis | 3 | 3 | 1 | Cholesterol granuloma | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Tuberculous OM | 3 | 3 | 1 | Cisplatin | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Vestibular schwannoma | 3 | 2 | 3 | Cogan's syndrome | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Automobile air bag | 2 | 1 | 2 | Erythromycin | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Chronic active OM | 2 | 0 | 1 | Fibrous dysplasia | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Chronic petrositis | 2 | 2 | 1 | Loop diuretics | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Complications of chronic active OM–ossicular resorption | 2 | 2 | 1 | Multiple sclerosis | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Complications of chronic active OM–facial paresis | 2 | 2 | 2 | Naproxen | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Congenital aural atresia | 2 | 0 | 2 | Opiod + acetaminophen combination | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Endolymphatic hydrops | 2 | 2 | 2 | Paget's disease | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Fluctuant SNHL | 2 | 2 | 4 | Polycythemia vera | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Fracture of temporal bone | 2 | 2 | 1 | Relapsing polychondritis | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Fungal infections of temporal bone | 2 | 2 | 1 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Glomus body | 2 | 2 | 1 | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Hemolabyrinth | 2 | 2 | 1 | Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss | 2 | 2 | 4 | Degenerative arthritis of ossicular joints | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Irradiation | 2 | 1 | 1 | Peripheral vascular disease | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Labyrinthine concussion | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Large vestibular aqueduct | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| Otosclerosis | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||
| Perforation | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||||
| Perilylmph gusher | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Petrification of auricle | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| Primary autoimmune hearing loss | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Retraction | 2 | 3 | 0 | ||||
| Acute external otitis | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Acute myringitis | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Acute OM | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Auricular deformities | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Barotitis | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Chronic external otitis | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Chronic myringitis | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Exostoses of external auditory canal | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| False fundus | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Hemotympanum | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Otitis media with effusion | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Dimeric membrane | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Tympanosclerosis | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Note. OM = otitis media; AICA = anterior inferior cerebellar artery; CPA = cerebellopontine angle; PICA = posterior inferior cerebellar artery; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; HL = hearing loss; SNHL = sensorineural hearing loss.
a
Diseases are listed by highest consequence of missed diagnosis.