Figure 3. Relationship between phylogeny of Ghanaian ST88 and their geographic origin.

(A) Phylogeographic alignment of phylogeny against isolate origin geography performed with GenGIS software and (B) Monte-Carlo analysis following 1,000 permutations of tree tips and geography of originating villages. The arrangement derived from the data was not significantly different to that which is expected by chance alone (p > 0.05), indicating a lack of geographical structure among the ST88 genomes.