Table 2.
Changes in Outcome Variables Pre- and Post Intervention
| All enrolled (n = 63)# | All compliant (n = 50) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | Pre intervention mean ± SD | Post intervention# mean ± SD | Difference (95% CI) | P value | Pre intervention mean ± SD | Post intervention mean ± SD | Difference (95% CI) | P value |
| Weight (Kg)a | 74.9 ± 12.4 | 74.1 ± 11.9 | −0.8 (−1.7, 0.1) | 0.071 | 73.6 ± 12.4 | 72.9 ± 12.2 | −0.7 (−1.7, 0.4) | 0.192 |
| BMI (Kg/m2)a | 28.9 ± 4.4 | 28.6 ± 4.5 | −0.3 (−0.6, 0.06) | 0.022 | 28.7 ± 4.4 | 28.5 ± 4.7 | −0.3 (−0.6,0.03) | 0.071 |
| Waist circumference (cm)a | 100.1 ± 9.4 | 98.7 ± 10.4 | −1.3 (−2.5, −0.09) | 0.04 | 99.4 ± 9.2 | 97.8 ± 10.4 | −1.6 (−3.2, −0.1) | 0.031* |
| Waist–height ratioa | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.61 ± 0.08 | −0.007 (−0.02, 0.001) | 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.61 ± 0.08 | −0.009 (−0.02, 0.002) | 0.05* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 202.3 ± 31.4 | 191.2 ± 25.1 | −11.1 (−17.7, −4.4) | 0.001 | 201.3 ± 32.1 | 187.4 ± 22.7 | −13.9 (−22.3, −5.7) | 0.002* |
| S. Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 195.3 (59, 499) | 175.4 (72, 499) | — | 0.002 | 170.5 (59,499) | 149.5 (72, 499) | — | 0.004* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL)a | 131.1 ± 21.4 | 124.6 ± 18.9 | −6.5 (−11.7, −1.3) | 0.021 | 129.7 ± 22.5 | 121.5 ± 18.5 | −8.2 (−14.7, −1.7) | 0.011* |
| HDL-C (mg/dL)a | 42.1 ± 8.9 | 41.3 ± 9.7 | −0.7 (−2.1, 0.6) | 0.301 | 41.6 ± 8.9 | 40.7 ± 9.8 | −0.9 (−2.7, 0.8) | 0.301 |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL)b | 34.4 (11.8, 99.8) | 29.8 (14.4, 99.8) | — | 0.005 | 34.1 (11.8, 103) | 28.5 (14.4, 99.8) | — | 0.005* |
| Lipoprotein (a)b (mg/dL) | 21.4 (9.4, 122) | 19.8 (9.4, 111) | — | 0.201 | 21.8 (9.38, 122) | 19.8 (9.38, 111) | — | 0.310 |
| FBG (mg/dL)a | 131.9 ± 29.2 | 129.2 ± 31.8 | −2.8 (−9.4, 3.9) | 0.403 | 133.5 ± 31.4 | 129.9 ± 34.7 | −3.5 (−11.9, 4.9) | 0.411 |
| HbA1C (%)a | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.01) | 0.040 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | −0.3 (−0.6, −0.01) | 0.041* |
| hs-CRP (mg/L)b | 2.9 (0.4, 34.9) | 2.6 (0.2, 13.6) | — | 0.011 | 3.3 (0.3, 4.9) | 2.6 (0.2, 13.6) | — | 0.011* |
| U. microalbumin (mg/L)b | 9.4 (1.3, 83.4) | 9.0 ± (1.3, 157) | — | 0.403 | 9.39 (1.3, 83.2) | 8.75 (1.3, 157) | — | 0.221 |
| SBP (mmHg)a | 122.7 ± 15.7 | 121.7 ± 11.6 | −0.9 (−4.1, 2.1) | 0.501 | 122.2 ± 15.8 | 121 ± 10.4 | −1.2 (−5.1, 2.7) | 0.530 |
| DBP (mmHg)a | 78.2 ± 6.6 | 77.6 ± 6.1 | −0.8 (−3.1, 1.5) | 0.523 | 78.2 ± 6.6 | 77.4 ± 5.9 | −0.8 (−3.1, 1.5) | 0.402 |
| PWV (m/s)b | 8.1 (4.2, 19) | 7.9 (4.5, 17.0) | — | 0.033 | 8.1 (4.2,19) | 7.8 (4.5, 16.6) | — | 0.061 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, paired t-test.
Values are presented as median (range), Wilcoxon sign rank test.
p < 0.05: statistically significant.
Subjects who were not available post intervention, pre intervention values were carried forward as post intervention values assuming that intervention did not have an effect on them.
—Difference could not be calculated.
S. triglycerides, serum triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; hs-CRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; U. microalbumin, urine microalbumin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity.