Fig 5. Left Panel: Grammatical.

Plot of active propositions in memory across trials in the Grammatical condition. On the x-axis are P-Units, on the y-axis are processing iterations of the model, equivalent to trials or instances of processing a sentence during the simulation. The darker colour indicates more activation of existing propositional role-filler binding combinations in memory. Grammatical sentences resulted in stronger activation of extant propositions than Jabberwocky sentences did. Right Panel: Jabberwocky. The Jabberwocky condition did not activate as many single existing propositions in the model's memory as the Grammatical condition did, rather, activation was spread more broadly across memory, despite both conditions producing similar oscillations in DORA. Data from the simulations and the code to run them are available at https://osf.io/eb2vp/ and https://github.com/AlexDoumas/dingetal_sent.