Table 2.

Bivariate Associations Between DSM-IV Mental Disorders and the Subsequent Onset or Diagnosis of Chronic Physical Conditions

Mental Disorder^a	Chronic Physical Condition, OR (95% CI)
Mental Disorder^a	Arthritis	Any Chronic Pain^b	Heart Disease	Stroke	Hypertension	Diabetes Mellitus	Asthma	Chronic Lung Disease	Peptic Ulcer	Cancer
Mood disorder
Major depressive episode/dysthymia	1.6 (1.5–1.8)^c	1.7 (1.6–1.8)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	1.6 (1.3–2.1)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.8)^c	1.7 (1.5–1.9)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.5)^c
Bipolar disorder (broad)	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	1.8 (1.6–2.1)^c	1.6 (1.1–2.4)^c	1.9 (1.1–3.1)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.8)^c	1.7 (1.2–2.3)^c	2.4 (1.7–3.3)^c	2.3 (1.5–3.7)^c	1.8 (1.4–2.3)^c	1.5 (1.0–2.2)
Anxiety disorder
Panic disorder	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	1.9 (1.6–2.1)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.7)^c	1.9 (1.1–3.1)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	1.8 (1.3–2.4)^c	1.9 (1.3–2.7)^c	2.2 (1.4–3.3)^c	1.9 (1.4–2.4)^c	1.6 (1.2–2.1)^c
Generalized anxiety disorder	1.8 (1.6–2.0)^c	1.9 (1.8–2.2)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.7)^c	1.5 (1.0–2.3)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.6)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.2)^c	2.5 (1.8–3.5)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Social phobia	1.5 (1.4–1.7)^c	1.8 (1.7–2.0)^c	1.5 (1.2–1.9)^c	1.8 (1.3–2.5)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.6)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.7)^c	1.9 (1.4–2.6)^c	1.8 (1.6–2.2)^c	1.1 (0.9–1.3)^c
Specific phobia	1.5 (1.4–1.7)^c	1.8 (1.7–1.9)^c	1.8 (1.5–2.1)^c	1.6 (1.3–2.1)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.6)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	1.6 (1.2–2.1)^c	1.8 (1.6–2.1)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c
Agoraphobia without panic	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	2.2 (1.0–4.5)	1.6 (1.2–2.0)	1.6 (1.2–2.4)	1.3 (0.9–2.1)	2.0 (1.1–3.6)	1.6 (1.1–2.4)	1.3 (0.8–2.1)
Posttraumatic stress disorder	1.8 (1.6–2.1)^c	1.9 (1.7–2.2)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.7)^c	1.7 (1.1–2.6)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.4 (1.0–1.9)^c	1.9 (1.4–2.5)^c	1.6 (1.1–2.3)^c	2.3 (1.9–2.9)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.8)^c
Obsessive-compulsive disorder	1.4 (1.0–1.9)^c	2.1 (1.7–2.6)^c	1.6 (1.1–2.5)^c	1.5 (0.6–3.8)	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	1.2 (0.6–2.3)	0.7 (0.4–1.5)	1.9 (0.8–4.5)	2.0 (1.2–3.6)^c	1.8 (1.0–3.2)
Impulse control disorder
Intermittent explosive disorder	1.6 (1.4–2.0)^c	2.3 (2.0–2.6)^c	1.6 (1.1–2.4)^c	1.9 (1.1–3.3)^c	1.5 (1.2–1.8)^c	1.8 (1.3–2.5)^c	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	3.0 (2.0–4.7)^c	2.0 (1.5–2.5)^c	1.5 (1.0–2.2)^c
Bulimia nervosa	1.5 (1.0–2.2)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.7)^c	1.9 (0.9–3.9)	3.3 (1.4–8.0)^c	2.3 (1.7–3.2)^c	3.6 (2.0–6.6)^c	1.3 (0.8–2.4)	0.7 (0.2–2.3)	1.6 (0.9–2.9)	1.6 (0.8–3.0)
Binge-eating disorder	1.7 (1.3–2.3)^c	2.0 (1.5–2.6)^c	1.4 (0.8–2.6)	1.5 (0.7–3.4)	2.0 (1.4–2.7)^c	3.4 (2.0–5.9)^c	2.1 (1.4–3.2)^c	1.4 (0.7–2.5)	1.6 (1.0–2.5)^c	1.6 (0.9–3.0)
Substance use disorder
Alcohol abuse	1.6 (1.4–1.8)^c	1.4 (1.3–1.6)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.1)^c	2.1 (1.5–3.0)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.8)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.6 (1.3–2.0)^c	2.4 (1.8–3.2)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.8)^c
Alcohol dependence	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	2.3 (1.8–3.0)^c	2.8 (1.5–5.0)^c	1.8 (1.5–2.1)^c	1.5 (1.1–2.1)^c	2.1 (1.5–2.8)^c	2.0 (1.3–3.2)^c	1.9 (1.5–2.4)^c	1.4 (1.0–2.0)
Drug abuse	1.9 (1.6–2.2)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	2.2 (1.6–3.0)^c	1.9 (1.1–3.3)^c	1.9 (1.6–2.2)^c	1.8 (1.2–2.5)^c	1.4 (1.0–2.0)	1.9 (1.3–2.8)^c	2.0 (1.6–2.5)^c	1.3 (0.9–2.1)
Drug dependence	2.1 (1.7–2.7)^c	1.8 (1.4–2.3)^c	1.7 (1.1–2.6)^c	1.9 (0.9–3.9)	2.1 (1.6–2.8)^c	2.5 (1.5–4.1)^c	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	1.7 (0.9–3.3)	2.3 (1.8–3.1)^c	1.4 (0.8–2.7)

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

Each mental disorder was estimated as a predictor of the physical condition onset in a separate discrete time survival model controlling for age cohorts, sex, person-years, country, smoking (current, ever, or never), and respondent’s educational level.

Respondent reported any of the following: chronic back or neck pain, frequent or severe headaches, and other chronic pain condition.

Significant at P < .05, 2-sided test.