Table 3.

Bivariate and Multivariate Associations Between DSM-IV Mental Disorder Classes and the Subsequent Onset or Diagnosis of Chronic Physical Conditions

Mental Disorder	Chronic Physical Condition, OR (95% CI)
Mental Disorder	Arthritis	Any Chronic Pain^a	Heart Disease	Stroke	Hypertension	Diabetes Mellitus	Asthma	Chronic Lung Disease	Peptic Ulcer	Cancer
Bivariate model^b
Any mood disorder	1.6 (1.5–1.8)^c	1.7 (1.6–1.8)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.7)^c	1.6 (1.3–2.1)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c	1.6 (1.3–1.8)^c	2.1 (1.7–2.7)^c	1.7 (1.5–1.9)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.5)^c
Any anxiety disorder	1.5 (1.4–1.7)^c	1.9 (1.8–2.0)^c	1.8 (1.6–2.0)^c	1.6 (1.2–2.0)^c	1.5 (1.4–1.6)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	1.7 (1.3–2.3)^c	1.8 (1.6–2.1)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.4)^c
Any impulse control disorder	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	2.2 (2.0–2.4)^c	1.6 (1.2–2.2)^c	2.0 (1.3–3.1)^c	1.7 (1.4–1.9)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.7)^c	1.5 (1.1–2.1)^c	2.6 (1.7–3.8)^c	1.9 (1.5–2.4)^c	1.6 (1.2–2.1)^c
Any substance use disorder	1.6 (1.4–1.8)^c	1.5 (1.4–1.6)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	2.2 (1.6–3.1)^c	1.6 (1.5–1.8)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.7)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	2.4 (1.8–3.2)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.8)^c
Any disorder	1.6 (1.5–1.7)^c	1.9 (1.8–2.0)^c	1.7 (1.5–1.9)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	1.5 (1.4–1.6)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.8)^c	2.1 (1.6–2.6)^c	1.9 (1.7–2.1)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^c
Multivariate model^d
Any mood disorder	1.4 (1.3–1.5)^c	1.3 (1.2–1.4)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.4)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	1.1 (1.0–1.3)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^c	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.7 (1.3–2.1)^c	1.3 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.1 (1.0–1.3)
Any anxiety disorder	1.4 (1.3–1.5)^c	1.8 (1.7–1.8)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	1.4 (1.1–1.7)^c	1.3 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c	1.1 (1.0–1.3)
Any impulse-control disorder	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^c	1.7 (1.5–1.9)^c	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	1.4 (0.9–2.3)	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c	1.8 (1.4–2.4)^c	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	1.8 (1.2–2.6)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.8)^c	1.4 (1.0–1.9)^c
Any substance use disorder	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c	1.2 (1.1–1.3)^c	1.5 (1.2–1.8)^c	2.0 (1.4–2.8)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.6)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.5)^c	1.5 (1.2–1.8)^c	1.9 (1.5–2.6)^c	1.4 (1.2–1.6)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.7)^c
Global, $χ_{4}^{2}$	210.4^c	814.0^c	112.4^c	43.5^c	191.4^c	47.4^c	51.1^c	69.9^c	174.1^c	19.6^c
No. of disorders^e
1	1.4 (1.3–1.5)^c	1.8 (1.7–1.9)^c	1.5 (1.3–1.7)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.6)	1.4 (1.2–1.5)^c	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	1.3 (1.1–1.6)^c	1.8 (1.4–2.2)^c	1.6 (1.4–1.8)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.5)^c
2	1.6 (1.4–1.8)^c	2.2 (2.0–2.3)^c	1.8 (1.5–2.1)^c	2.2 (1.5–3.1)^c	1.6 (1.5–1.8)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.6)^c	1.5 (1.2–1.8)^c	1.8 (1.3–2.7)^c	2.0 (1.7–2.4)^c	1.3 (1.0–1.6)^c
3	2.0 (1.7–2.3)^c	2.2 (2.0–2.5)^c	2.3 (1.8–3.0)^c	2.3 (1.3–3.9)^c	1.7 (1.4–2.0)^c	1.7 (1.3–2.1)^c	1.9 (1.4–2.5)^c	3.7 (2.5–5.5)^c	2.5 (2.0–3.1)^c	1.4 (1.0–1.9)^c
4	2.2 (1.9–2.6)^c	2.2 (1.9–2.6)^c	2.4 (1.7–3.2)^c	2.9 (1.8–4.6)^c	1.6 (1.3–1.9)^c	1.8 (1.2–2.5)^c	2.7 (1.9–3.9)^c	2.9 (1.7–5.0)^c	2.9 (2.1–4.1)^c	1.2 (0.8–1.6)
≥5	2.7 (2.2–3.2)^c	2.8 (2.4–3.2)^c	2.7 (1.9–3.9)^c	3.2 (2.0–5.1)^c	2.4 (2.0–2.9)^c	2.7 (2.0–3.7)^c	2.4 (1.8–3.4)^c	4.0 (2.5–6.5)^c	3.0 (2.3–3.9)^c	1.9 (1.4–2.7)^c
Global, $χ_{5}^{2}$	220.7^c	821.7^c	111.9^c	47.8^c	178.1^c	52.3^c	45.5^c	55.2^c	169.9^c	19.5^c

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

Respondent reported any of the following: chronic back or neck pain, frequent or severe headaches, and other chronic pain condition.

Each mental disorder class was estimated as a predictor of the physical condition onset in a separate discrete time survival model controlling for age cohorts, sex, person-years, country, smoking (current, ever, or never), and respondent's educational level.

Significant at P < .05, 2-sided test.

This type of model was estimated with dummy variables for all mental disorder classes entered simultaneously, including the controls.

This type of model was estimated with dummy variables for the number of mental disorders without any information about type of mental disorders, including the controls.