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. 2017 Mar 9;2(5):e90780. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.90780

Figure 2. Bile acids stimulate hepatocyte release of proinflammatory cytokines that function as chemoattractants for neutrophils.

Figure 2

(A) Elevated protein levels of Ccl2 and Cxcl2 were detected in the media of taurocholic acid–treated (TCA-treated) mouse hepatocytes (mHs) but not from mouse nonparenchymal cells (mNPCs) after a 24-hour treatment. *P < 0.05 vs. medium control (MedCtrl), n = 4. (B) Culture medium from TCA-treated hepatocytes but not NPC-stimulated migration of mouse neutrophils across transwell membranes. TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. MedCtrl, n ≥ 4 by 1-way ANOVA.