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. 2017 Mar 9;2(5):e90780. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.90780

Figure 6. Tlr9 is involved in bile acid induction of Cxcl2 in vitro in mouse hepatocytes and in vivo in BDL mouse liver.

Figure 6

(A) Taurocholic acid (TCA, 100 μM) stimulation of Cxcl2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in hepatocytes from Tlr9 knockout (KO) and MyD88/Trif double-knockout (DKO) mice when compared with hepatocytes from WT mice. Cells were treated for 24 hours, and results are the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05 vs. WT TCA treatment, n ≥ 4. (B) Transfected (Tftd) Tlr9 agonists (ODN-A and ODN-B, 1 μg/ml) showed synergistic effects with TCA (100 μM) in stimulation of Cxcl2 mRNA expression in mouse hepatocytes. Sixteen hours after transfection, cells were treated with TCA for 6 hours (mean ± SD, n ≥ 3). The control cells were treated with transfection medium, and their Cxcl2 expression was set to 1. (C) Ccl2 and Cxcl2 liver mRNA expression was significantly lower in Tlr9 whole-body KO mice than in WT mice after 7 days of bile duct ligation (BDL). Results are the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, n = 6–7. (D) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels were significantly reduced in hepatocyte-specific Tlr9 KO (Tlr9fl/fl-Alb-Cre+) mice 24 hours, but not 6 hours, after BDL. P values determined by 2-tailed Student’s t test.