Table 3. Baseline characteristics of all patients in relation to perioperative change in left ventricular ejection fraction.
| Variables | All patients (n=375) | Improved LVEF (n=89) | Unchanged LVEF (n=207) | Worsened LVEF (n=79) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66±9 | 66±8 | 66±9 | 67±9 | 0.59 |
| Male sex, % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1.00 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, % | 72 | 79 | 69 | 73 | 0.20 |
| Hypertension, % | 89 | 85 | 88 | 95 | 0.13 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 42 | 30 | 46 | 46 | 0.03 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 11 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 0.73 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage ≥3, % | 25 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 0.96 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, % | 33 | 40 | 28 | 37 | 0.08 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, % | 28 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 0.87 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | 47 | 40 | 50 | 47 | 0.3 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, % | 5 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 0.23 |
| Permanent pacemaker, % | 7 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 0.39 |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| GFR**, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 85±36 | 84±34 | 84±35 | 86±43 | 0.93 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4±1.8 | 13.5±2.0 | 13.3±1.8 | 13.4±1.7 | 0.72 |
| Medications | |||||
| Beta blocker, % | 93 | 93 | 92 | 93 | 0.95 |
| ACEI/ ARB, % | 71 | 76 | 70 | 68 | 0.46 |
| Spironolactone, % | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 0.61 |
| Hydralazine and ISDN, % | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0.43 |
| Digoxin, % | 8 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 0.73 |
| Diuretics, % | 44 | 51 | 42 | 41 | 0.31 |
| Operative parameters | |||||
| Number of grafts | 3.0±0.8 | 3.0±0.8 | 2.9±0.8 | 3.0±0.9 | 0.73 |
| Bypass time, minutes | 123±39 | 130±41 | 120±36 | 125±42 | 0.09 |
| Ischemic time, minutes | 80±27 | 81±26 | 80±25 | 81±31 | 0.94 |
| Emergent/urgent surgery, % | 25 | 24 | 26 | 23 | 0.81 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; GFR, glomerular filtration rate (**calculated using MDRD equation); ISDN, isosorbide dinitrate; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. *, P value comparing trend between improved, unchanged, and worsened LVEF groups.