Table 3. Results of univariate analysis for risk factors of diagnostic failure.
| Factors | Diagnostic success (n=530) | Diagnostic failure (n=30) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50.3±12.8 | 52.8±14.3 | 0.46 |
| Gender | 0.62 | ||
| Male | 307 | 16 | |
| Female | 223 | 14 | |
| Emphysema | 0.29 | ||
| Yes | 48 | 5 | |
| No | 482 | 25 | |
| Lesion size | 0.02 | ||
| ≤1 cm | 53 | 8 | |
| 1.1–2.0 cm | 203 | 11 | |
| 2.1–3.0 cm | 274 | 11 | |
| Lesion location | 0.04 | ||
| Upper lobe | 262 | 8 | |
| Middle lobe | 62 | 4 | |
| Lower lobe | 206 | 18 | |
| Lesion type | 0.65 | ||
| Solid | 427 | 26 | |
| Ground-glass | 32 | 2 | |
| Mixed | 71 | 2 | |
| Cavities formed | 0.45 | ||
| Yes | 41 | 4 | |
| No | 489 | 26 | |
| Patient position | 0.39 | ||
| Supine | 219 | 12 | |
| Prone | 261 | 13 | |
| Decubitus | 50 | 5 | |
| Intrapulmonary length of needle path | 0.84 | ||
| 0 | 40 | 3 | |
| 0.1–1.0 cm | 79 | 5 | |
| 1.1–2.0 cm | 162 | 7 | |
| 2.1–3.0 cm | 101 | 7 | |
| >3.0 cm | 148 | 8 | |
| No. of tissue samplings | 0.28 | ||
| 1–2 | 248 | 11 | |
| 3–4 | 282 | 19 | |
| Pneumothorax | 0.03 | ||
| Yes | 51 | 7 | |
| No | 479 | 23 | |
| Bleeding | 0.34 | ||
| Yes | 119 | 9 | |
| No | 411 | 21 |