Table 1. Clinical characteristics, causes of death, and DST results of patients with early and late death during ATT.
| Variables | Early death (n = 36) | Late death (n = 38) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 78 (71–85) | 76 (71–83) | 0.327 |
| Age > 70 yr, No. (%) | 28 (78) | 30 (79) | 0.903 |
| Male, No. (%) | 26 (72) | 25 (66) | 0.550 |
| Low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2), No. (%) | 12 (33) | 9 (24) | 0.357 |
| Prior TB history, No. (%) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) | 0.712 |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | |||
| None | 12 (33) | 10 (26) | 0.509 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (28) | 8 (21) | 0.500 |
| Chronic heart disease | 5 (14) | 6 (16) | 0.818 |
| Chronic lung disease | 5 (14) | 1 (3) | 0.103 |
| Chronic liver disease | 5 (11) | 1 (3) | 0.103 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (6) | 5 (13) | 0.431 |
| Neurologic disease | 3 (8) | 1 (3) | 0.351 |
| Malignancy | 4 (11) | 15 (40) | 0.005 |
| Anemia (male < 13 g/dL, female < 12 g/dL), No. (%) | 28 (78) | 29 (76) | 0.881 |
| Site of TB, No. (%) | 0.602 | ||
| Pulmonary alone | 29 (81) | 31 (82) | |
| Pulmonary + extrapulmonary | 6 (17) | 4 (11) | |
| Extrapulmonary alone | 1 (3) | 3 (8) | |
| Severe degree of pul-TB on chest X-ray, No. (%) | 19 (53) | 12 (32) | 0.065 |
| Smear-positive sputum, No. (%) | 19/34 (56) | 20/32 (63) | 0.585 |
| Time from presentation to hospital to ATT, day | 1 (1–3) | 5 (1–14) | < 0.001 |
| Time from ATT to death, day | 21 (7–38) | 131 (99–226) | < 0.001 |
| DST to first-line drugs, No. (%) | 0.707 | ||
| All sensitive | 30 (83) | 32/37 (86) | - |
| Any resistance | 6 (17) | 5/37 (14) | 1.000 |
| Isoniazid resistance | 4 (11) | 5/37 (14) | 0.240 |
| Multi-drugs resistance | 2 (6) | 0/37 (0) | - |
| Cause of death | < 0.001 | ||
| TB-related | 20 (56) | 4 (11) | |
| TB-unrelated | 16 (44) | 34 (89) |
BMI = body mass index, TB = tuberculosis, pul-TB = pulmonary tuberculosis, ATT = anti-tuberculosis treatment, DST = drug susceptibility test, IQR = interquartile range.