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. 2017 Mar 3;12:163. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-1929-8

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 7 — The calculation results of lifetimes of NaGdF₄:12%Er³⁺ core NPs, NaGdF₄:12%Er³⁺@NaGdF₄ active-core/inert-shell NPs, and the NaGdF₄:12%Er³⁺@NaGdF₄:x%Er³⁺(x = 6, 8, 10, and 12) active-core/active-shell NPs under 1540-nm excitation