A-B. A549 cells expressing WT or P242R Pol β or empty vector were treated with varying doses of UVB and allowed to recover for up to 48 h. A. Clonogenic survival assays were performed, and data are presented as mean ± SEM of the percent survival (n = 3). B. Double-strand breaks were measured by staining with γH2AX antibody using flow cytometry. C. Cells were treated various concentrations of mitomycin C (MMC) and clonogenic survival assays were performed. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of the percent survival (n = 3). D-E. Mouse xenografts of A549 tumors expressing either WT (circles) or P242R (triangles) Pol β were treated by intraperitoneal injection once per week with either saline (dashed lines, open symbols) or 5 mg/kg MMC (solid line, closed symbols). Tumor growth measurements are presented as mean ± SEM (n=5). *** or **** represents p< 0.001 or 0.0001, respectively, comparing MMC-treated tumors to saline at each time point.