Table 1.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationship between type 2 diabetes and magnetic resonance imaging measures
| Author, reference (year of publication) | Study design | Mean follow‐up period (years) | Participants (n) | Mean age (years) | Mean diabetes duration (years) | Outcome measures results | P‐value | Adjustment variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Manschot et al.75
(2006) |
Cross‐sectional | – |
T2DM n = 113 Control n = 51 |
66.1 65.1 |
8.8 – |
PWML (Scheltens scale 0–12) DWML (Scheltens scale 0–36) Silent brain infarction (SBI) Cerebral atrophy |
P = 0.13 P = 0.02 P = 0.06 P < 0.001 vs control |
NA |
|
van Harten et al.76
(2007) |
Cross‐sectional | – |
T2DM with HT n = 44 T2DM without HT n = 44 Control n = 4 4 |
73.5 73.4 73.1 |
11.9 16.5 – |
PVH (Scheltens score 0–6) DWML (Scheltens score 0–24) Lacunar infarction Global atrophy |
NS P < 0.05 NS NS vs control |
NA |
|
Jongen et al.77
(2007) |
Cross‐sectional | – |
T2DM n = 99 Control n = 46 |
65.9 65.0 |
8.7 – |
Total brain volume*
–21.8 (–34.2 to –.4) WML volume*, † 0.45(0.04–0.86) |
P < 0.01 P < 0 .05 |
Age, sex, intracranial volume and education level |
|
Umemura et al.78
(2008) |
Cross‐sectional | – |
T2DM n = 130 Control n = 130 |
59.6 58.4 |
11.9 – |
SBI OR (95%CI) =1.22 (0.70–2.14) |
NS | NA |
|
De Bresser et al.79
(2010) |
Longitudinal | 4 |
T2DM n = 55 Control n = 28 |
65.9 64.2 |
9.5 – |
Total brain volume**
–0.18 (–0.49 to 0.13) WMH volume** 0.02 (–0.09 to 0.12 |
NS NS |
Age and sex |
|
Van Elderen et al.80
(2010) |
Longitudinal | 3 |
DM n = 89 Control n = 438 |
74.7 75.0 |
NA |
Total brain atrophy (%)***
1.57 (0.26) vs 0.96 (0.10) Total WMH volume (cc)*** 1.78 (0.29) vs 2.21(0.17) Infarction*** 0.40 (1.23) vs 0.19 (0.68) |
P < 0.01 NS P = 0.07 |
Age and sex |
|
Espeland et al.81
(2013) |
Cross‐sectional Longitudinal |
– 4.7 |
T2DM n = 58 Control n = 640 |
77.8 78.1 |
NA |
Total brain atrophy –3.02 cc (diff) Gray matter volume –3.02 cc (diff) WML volume 2.41 cc (diff) |
P = 0.11 P = 0.22 P = 0.66 |
Age, clinic site, WHI treatment, time from WHI enrollment, time between scans and baseline volume |
|
Moran et al.82
(2013) |
Cross‐sectional | – |
T2DM n = 350 Control n = 363 |
67.8 72.1 |
7.0 – |
Gray matter volume**
–3.1 (–18.7 to –7.6) Total hippocampal volume** –0.88 (–1.01 to –0.75) WML volume** 0.59 (–0.54 to 1.71) Infarction 0.62 (0.21–1.04)** Microbleed –0.25 (–0.97 to 0.46)** |
P < 0.001 P < 0.001 NS P = 0.001 NS |
Age, sex and total intracranial volume Age and sex |
*Data are mean (95% confidence interval). **Data are β (95% confidence interval). ***Data are mean (standard error). †White matter lesions (WML) volumes are analyzed as log‐transformed values. DM, diabetes mellitus; DWML, deep white matter lesion; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; PVH, periventricular hyperintensity; PWML, periventricular white matter lesion; SBI; silent brain infarction; T2DM; type 2 diabetes mellitus; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.