Table 4.
Multivariate analyses of sociodemographic and clinical parameters
| 16‐item SG‐PAID‐C | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Age | −0.460 (−0.805, −0.114)* | −0.377 (−0.661, −0.094)* | −0.081 (−0.154, −0.009)* | −0.001 (−0.036, 0.034) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 8.267 (3.072, 13.462)* | 6.868 (2.606, 11.131)* | 1.120 (0.030, 2.211) | 0.278 (−0.251, 0.807) |
| Male | ||||
| Education level | ||||
| No formal education | −3.646 (−14.572, 7.280) | −3.643 (−12.608, 5.323) | −0.362 (−2.654, 1.931) | 0.358 (−0.755, 1.471) |
| Elementary | 1.653 (−6.840, 10.147) | 0.995 (−5.974, 7.965) | 0.342 (−1.441, 2.124) | 0.316 (−0.549, 1.181) |
| High school | 2.219 (−6.554, 10.991) | 1.677 (−5.522, 8.875) | 0.349 (−1.492, 2.190) | 0.193 (−0.700, 1.087) |
| College/university | ||||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 2.690 (−7.193, 12.573) | 2.534 (−5.576, 10.643) | −0.446 (−2.520, 1.627) | 0.603 (−0.404, 1.609) |
| Married | 2.354 (−3.821, 8.529) | 3.369 (−1.698, 8.436) | −0.916 (−2.212, 0.380) | −0.099 (−0.728, 0.530) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | ||||
| Work status | ||||
| Employed | 4.767 (−5.422, 14.957) | 3.715 (−4.647, 12.076) | 1.727 (−0.411, 3.866) | −0.675 (−1.713, 0.363) |
| Retired | 4.583 (−6.174, 15.341) | 3.899 (−4.928, 12.726) | 1.661 (−0.596, 3.919) | −0.977 (−2.073, 0.118) |
| Homemaker | −0.907 (−12.204, 10.390) | −0.564 (−9.833, 8.706) | 0.985 (−1.386, 3.356) | −1.328 (−2.479, −0.178) |
| Others | ||||
| Total no. comorbidities | −0.452 (−2.171, 1.267) | −0.573 (−1.983, 0.838) | 0.029 (−0.332, 0.390) | 0.092 (−0.083, 0.267) |
| Total no. diabetes‐related complications | 1.538 (−3.469, 6.546) | 0.797 (−3.312, 4.906) | 0.564 (−0.487, 1.614) | 0.178 (−0.332, 0.688) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 0.323 (0.075, 0.570)* | 0.244 (0.041, 0.448) | 0.053 (0.002, 0.105)* | 0.025 (0.000, 0.050) |
| Most recent HbA1c (%) | −0.122 (−1.661, 1.418) | −0.138 (−1.402, 1.125) | −0.050 (−0.373, 0.273) | 0.067 (−0.090, 0.224) |
| Total no. chronic medications | −0.889 (−2.317, 0.538) | −0.710 (−1.881, 0.461) | −0.082 (−0.381, 0.218) | −0.098 (−0.243, 0.048) |
| Types of antidiabetic medication | ||||
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | −3.618 (−8.774, 1.538) | −2.342 (−6.573, 1.889) | −1.363 (−2.445, −0.281)* | 0.087 (−0.438, 0.612) |
| Insulin‐containing regimens | ||||
*P‐values were <0.05 for univariate and multivariate analyses. HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SG‐PAID‐C, Chinese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale.